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Copper-free click chemistry
Copper-free click chemistry is a bioorthogonal reaction first developed by Carolyn Bertozzi as an activated variant of an azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition, based on the work by Fokin and Sharpless ''et al.'' Unlike the CuAAC, Cu-free click chemistry has been modified to be bioorthogonal by eliminating a cytotoxic copper catalyst, allowing reaction to proceed quickly and without live cell toxicity. It was developed as a faster alternative to the Staudinger ligation, with the first generation producing rate constants over 63 times faster.
Although the reaction produces a regioisomeric mixture of triazoles, the lack of regioselectivity in the reaction is not a major concern for its applications in bioorthogonal chemistry. More regiospecific and less bioorthogonal requirements are best served by the traditional Huisgen cycloaddition, especially given the low yield and synthetic difficulty (compared to the addition of a terminal alkyne) of synthesizing a strained cyclooctyne.
The incredible bioorthogonality of the reaction has allowed the Cu-free click reaction to be applied within cultured cells, live zebrafish, and mice.
==Development of strained cyclooctynes==
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